Owning a lakefront property offers incredible views, recreational opportunities, and a peaceful retreat. However, it also comes with unique responsibilities—especially when it comes to protecting water quality. One of the most significant environmental concerns for lakefront homeowners is runoff, which can carry harmful pollutants into the lake and damage the ecosystem. Fortunately, there are several effective ways to manage runoff on your property. Here’s what you need to know:
Understanding Runoff and Its Impact
Runoff occurs when rainwater or melting snow flows over surfaces rather than soaking into the ground. On lakefront properties, runoff can pick up pollutants such as fertilizers, pesticides, pet waste, and motor oil before depositing them directly into the lake. This pollution can lead to algae blooms, fish die-offs, and poor water quality.
1. Establish Buffer Zones
Buffer zones are areas of vegetation strategically placed along your shoreline to slow and filter runoff before it reaches the lake. These zones help trap sediment, absorb excess nutrients, and stabilize the shoreline.
Creating an Effective Buffer Zone:
- Use native plants that require minimal maintenance.
- Incorporate deep-rooted species to enhance soil stability.
- Avoid mowing all the way to the water’s edge; allow a natural border to develop.
2. Create a Rain Garden
Rain gardens are strategically placed, shallow depressions filled with native plants that absorb runoff from roofs, driveways, and patios. These gardens slow the flow of water and allow it to infiltrate the soil, reducing erosion and filtering pollutants.
Steps to Create a Rain Garden:
- Identify a low-lying area where water naturally collects.
- Excavate the area to create a shallow basin.
- Fill the basin with water-tolerant native plants like blue flag iris, swamp milkweed, or switchgrass.
- Add mulch and rocks to help with water absorption and prevent erosion.
3. Install Permeable Surfaces
Traditional concrete and asphalt driveways create impervious surfaces that increase runoff. Consider replacing these materials with permeable options such as gravel, porous pavers, or permeable concrete. These materials allow water to pass through, reducing runoff volume and filtering pollutants.
Pro Tip: If replacing your entire driveway isn’t feasible, consider adding permeable pavers to parking areas or walkways to improve water absorption.
4. Use Rain Barrels or Cisterns
Rain barrels and cisterns collect rainwater from your roof, preventing it from flowing directly into the lake. The stored water can then be reused for watering plants, washing vehicles, or other outdoor needs.
Installation Tips:
- Place the barrel under a downspout for maximum collection.
- Choose a model with a spigot and overflow valve to control water flow.
- Regularly clean your rain barrel to prevent debris buildup.
5. Manage Lawn Care Responsibly
Overuse of fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides can contribute significantly to runoff pollution. To reduce these risks:
- Use slow-release or organic fertilizers that are less likely to wash away.
- Avoid applying fertilizers before heavy rain.
- Mow your lawn at a higher setting to encourage deeper roots, which improve soil stability and water absorption.
6. Implement Terracing and Retaining Walls
For properties with steep slopes, terracing can reduce runoff by breaking up the flow of water and allowing it to absorb gradually. Retaining walls made from stone or timber can also help stabilize soil and redirect water safely away from the lake.
Pro Tip: Combine retaining walls with plantings to enhance erosion control.
7. Create Swales for Water Diversion
Swales are shallow, grassy channels designed to direct runoff away from your shoreline. These channels slow down water flow and allow it to infiltrate the soil. Swales can be lined with rocks or vegetation for added filtration.
Design Tips:
- Position swales to guide runoff toward rain gardens or other absorption areas.
- Use native plants along swale edges to improve filtration.
8. Reduce Hardscaping
Excessive hardscaping, such as paved patios, decks, and walkways, increases runoff. Instead, consider using gravel paths, stepping stones, or wooden decks with spacing between boards to allow water to drain naturally.
9. Maintain Your Septic System
A poorly maintained septic system can leak nutrients and bacteria into the soil, which may eventually reach the lake. To prevent contamination:
- Pump your septic tank regularly (every 3-5 years).
- Avoid flushing chemicals or non-biodegradable items.
- Ensure your drain field is clear of debris and excess water flow.
10. Educate and Involve Your Neighbors
Runoff control is most effective when the entire community participates. Encourage your neighbors to adopt similar practices to improve the overall health of your lake. Sharing strategies, resources, and success stories can inspire collective action and amplify positive results.
Conclusion
By taking proactive steps to manage runoff at your lakefront home, you’re protecting the beauty, health, and longevity of your lake. From adding buffer zones to installing permeable surfaces and creating rain gardens, there are numerous ways to control water flow effectively. Investing in these improvements not only enhances your property but also helps safeguard the ecosystem for generations to come.
Posted by Scott Freerksen “The Lake Guy”